Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Depuis l'étude pionnière de G. de Mortillet en 1871, qui avait permis d'identifier pour la première fois des épées et des fibules gauloises en Emilie, ce sont des centaines d'armes semblables qui ont été mises au jour en Italie centre-septentrionale. L'identité technique et morphologique des armes recueillies de part et d'autre des Alpes confirme leur appartenance à une même tradition. À l'abondance de la documentation s'oppose une distribution inégale dans le temps et dans l'espace. Les contextes de découverte sont majoritairement funéraires, mais on compte aussi un certain nombre de trouvailles en contexte cultuel. La qualité de cette documentation est également très variable du fait même de la nature corrosive du fer dont sont très majoritairement constituées ces armes. Les cartes de répartition des épées ont permis de montrer l'importance de cet instrument dans la péninsule depuis la fin du Ve s. jusqu'à la romanisation. Ces objets sont, avec les fibules et dans une moindre mesure la parure, la principale source archéologique témoignant des liens étroits qu'entretiennent les Celtes d'Italie avec les entités nord-alpines. L'épée, avec son système de suspension, et le bouclier ovale sont les seules armes que l'on puisse attribuer avec certitude à la tradition laténienne. Pour le reste, les Celtes d'Italie ont su s'adapter à la réalité militaire et sociale étrusco-italique (casques en bronze) et dans quelques cas innover (casques en fer, pilums). Si les sources anciennes témoignent de l'attachement des Celtes à leur armement et à leurs traditions militaires, l'archéologie montre aussi le succès de l'épée laténienne auprès des peuples de la péninsule (Vénètes, Ligures, Picéniens). Nous voudrions insister ici sur certains traits originaux de cet armement et esquisser les grandes lignes de son évolution jusqu'à la dilution des entités celtiques au sein de l'Italie romaine. ; Dall'epoca del lavoro pioniero del 1871 di G. de Mortillet, che per la prima volta individuò i tipi di spada e fibula celtiche in Emilia, fino ad oggi, in Italia centro-settentrionale, da una parte all'altra delle Alpi, son state portate alla luce centinaia di armi appartenenti allo stesso genere. L'uniformità tecnica e morfologica sembrerebbe confermare la loro aderenza ad una tradizione comune. L'abbondanza della documentazione contrasta tuttavia con una distribuzione poco uniforme nel tempo e nello spazio di tali oggetti, i cui contesti sono in prevalenza funerari, senza contare un certo numero di ritrovamenti in ambiente cultuale. La qualità di tale documentazione è varia anche a causa della natura corruttibile del ferro di cui sono fatte in prevalenza le armi. Le mappe di distribuzione delle spade ci hanno consentito di ribadire l'importanza di un simile strumento nella Penisola a partire dalla fine del V secolo a.C. fino alla romanizzazione. Insieme alle fibule e, in minima parte, alle parure, tali oggetti rappresentano oggi la principale fonte archeologica, testimonianza degli stretti legami che i Celti d'Italia intrattennero con le comunità nord-alpine. La spada, col suo sistema di sospensioni, e lo scudo ovale, sono le sole armi che si possano attribuire con certezza alla tradizione lateniana. Per quanto riguarda il resto, i Celti d'Italia furono in grado di adattarsi alla realtà militare e sociale etrusco-italica (con i caschi di bronzo) ed in qualche caso persino di rinnovarla (con i caschi di ferro e il pilum). Se le fonti letterarie testimoniano dell'attaccamento dei Celti al loro equipaggiamento e alle loro tradizioni militari, l'archeologia dimostra altresì il successo della spada lateniana presso le popolazioni della Penisola (Veneti, Liguri, Piceni). Noi vorremmo, in questa sede, soffermarci su alcuni tratti originali di questo tipo di attrezzatura militare, e tracciarne brevemente il percorso evolutivo fino al dissolversi delle componenti celtiche all'interno dell'Italia romana.

Ill., bibliogr. p. 174-180. Actes d'une table ronde qui s'est tenue à l'Ecole française de Rome et à l'Université de Bologne, en 1997 ; International audience

Ill., bibliogr. p. 174-180. Actes d'une table ronde qui s'est tenue à l'Ecole française de Rome et à l'Université de Bologne, en 1997 ; International audience

The greatest period of Celtic expansion occurred between the fourth and third centuries BC, with the conquest of new territories on the margins of the Hellenistic and Roman worlds. Historians often underemphasize this period: while the barbarian raids and the rise of mercenary service in the fourth century BC are stressed, colonization is neglected. In addition, Celtic society at that time was radically different from those found in coeval Mediterranean cultures. Imports from the south were much less common than in previous centuries, and attempts at urbanization were abandoned. Celtic society became distinctly rural, with its craft industries, settlement, and sanctuaries dispersed throughout the countryside. Although there were local variations, art and religion assumed original and consistent characteristics. Celtic society was composed of peasants and warriors and dominated by large aristocratic families.

RésuméL'extension celtique trouve son apogée aux IVeet IIIesiècles avant J.-C. avec la conquête de nouveaux territoires aux marges des mondes romain et hellénistique. Cette période est souvent négligée par les historiens parce qu'on n'en retient que les raids des barbares ou le mercenariat qui trouve son apogée au IVesiècle, mais pas les mouvements de colonisation. De plus la société celtique de cette époque se démarque radicalement des cultures méditerranéennes. Les importations sont beaucoup plus rares qu'aux siècles précédents, les tentatives d'urbanisation abandonnées. Le monde celtique devient résolument rural, l'artisanat, l'habitat, les sanctuaires sont dispersés dans les campagnes. L'art et la religion prennent des formes originales et cohérentes au-delà des variations locales. C'est une société de paysans et de guerriers, dominée par de grandes familles aristocratiques.

International audience ; A new programme of excavations since 1990 on the site of Ribemont-sur-Ancre has led to the study of the major part of the La Tène layers and to the reexamination of the Gallo-Roman cult installation. The discovery of the remains of several hundred individuals and of thousands of weapons in La Tène C levels can be now interpreted as the remnants of a monumental trophy erected in the final years of the 3 rd century BC. Since its construction, this trophy has witnessed no significant cult activity. Not until 30 BC were its ruins, which still were partly standing, cleared when a large military population built a temple on this very spot in the middle of a well structured sanctuary. It was straight away highly decorated which is unusual for a building set in the countryside. A stone colonnade was added to the temple at the beginning of the 1 st century AD, with the further addition of two quadriporticoes at the end of the same century. In the second half of the 2 nd century AD, the temple was rebuilt in a monumental and classical form and a new portico was added. These imposing structures were accompanied by a general extension of the site on over 50 ha, with a succession of courtyards in terraced rows, dominated by the temple but also including a theatre and two bath buildings. This new analysis of the architectural features and of the finds leads us to reconsider the nature of the worship: it now seems clear that the site was the focus of a public cult under the subordination to the civitas capital, Samarobriva . ; Un nouveau programme de fouille, engagé sur le site de Ribemont-sur-Ancre depuis 1990, a permis l'étude de la plus grande partie du gisement laténien et le réexamen de l'installation cultuelle gallo-romaine. Les restes de plusieurs centaines d'individus et les milliers d'armes découverts sur les sols de La Tène moyenne sont maintenant interprétés comme les vestiges d'un trophée monumental qui aurait été constitué à la fin du III e s. avant J.-C. Celui-ci, par la suite, n'a pas ...

A new survey programme, launched on the Ribem-sur-Ancre site since 1990, has enabled the study of most of the latenian deposit and the review of the gallo-Roman crop installation. The leftovers of several hundred individuals and the thousands of weapons discovered on the soil of the Medium Teene are now interpreted as the remains of a monumental trophy that would have been formed at the end of the III 'sup' e '/sup' s before J.-C. The latter did not subsequently experience any significant culinary activity; its ruins, still in partial rise, were only cleaned in the 30s before J.-C. when a military population built a temple at the very place, in the middle of an organised sanctuary, which was decorated from the outset with an uncommon decoration for a monument built in the middle of the countryside. From the beginning of the I 'super'/sup s, he was equipped with a stone colonnade and, at the end of the same century, a double quadriportic. In the second half of the second paragraph, the temple was reconstructed in a monumental form, of a classic allure, with a new gantry. These large buildings are accompanied by a new architectural design of the site, which then spans more than 50 ha, in a succession of terraces, dominated by the temple, where a theatre and two thermal sets are also located. The new study of the architecture of the sanctuary and material cloaks makes it possible to reconsider the nature of worship: it should be seen as a public worship directly dependent on the head of the city, Samarobriva. ; International audience A new programme of excavations since 1990 on the site of Ribemont-sur-Ancre has led to the study of the major part of the La Tène layers and to the reexamination of the Gallo-Roman cult installation. The discovery of the remains of several hundred individuals and of thousands of weapons in La Tène C levels can be now interpreted as the remnants of a monumental trophy erected in the final years of the 3 rd century BC. Since its construction, this trophy has witnessed no significant cult ...